Extend Partition on SD Card or eMMC

To fully utilize the unused space on the SD card or eMMC after logging into Debian, perform the following steps:

1. Use the following command to list available elements:

   ~# df -h

   Example Output:

   Filesystem      Size  Used Avail Use% Mounted on
   udev            3.7G     0  3.7G   0% /dev
   tmpfs           793M  3.1M  790M   1% /run
   /dev/mmcblk1p4  2.0G  1.9G   88M  96% /
   tmpfs           3.9G     0  3.9G   0% /dev/shm
   tmpfs           5.0M   12K  5.0M   1% /run/lock
   tmpfs           793M   32K  793M   1% /run/user/107
   tmpfs           793M   24K  793M   1% /run/user/0

2. Run the fdisk command with disk name as an argument.

   Example Command:

   root@starfive:~# fdisk /dev/mmcblk<X>

   Tip: <X>: The application value is 0 or 1. 1 for SD card and 0 for eMMC.
   Example Output:

   root@starfive:~# fdisk /dev/mmcblk1
   
   Welcome to fdisk (util-linux 2.38.1).
   Changes will remain in memory only, until you decide to write them.
   Be careful before using the write command.
   
   GPT PMBR size mismatch (4505599 != 62929919) will be corrected by write.
   This disk is currently in use - repartitioning is probably a bad idea.
   It's recommended to umount all file systems, and swapoff all swap
   partitions on this disk. 
   Command (m for help): d
   Partition number (1-4, default 4): 4  
   
   Partition 4 has been deleted.
   
   Command (m for help): n
   Partition number (4-128, default 4): 4
   First sector (34-62929886, default 221184):
   Last sector, +/-sectors or +/-size{K,M,G,T,P} (221184-62929886, default 62928895):
   
   Created a new partition 4 of type 'Linux filesystem' and of size 29.9 GiB.
   Partition #4 contains a ext4 signature.
   
   Do you want to remove the signature? [Y]es/[N]o: N
   
   Command (m for help): w
   
   The partition table has been altered.
   Syncing disks.

3. Resize the /dev/mmcblk<X>p4 partition by running the resize2fs command to fully utilize the unused block.
   Tip: <X>: The application value is 0 or 1. 1 for SD card and 0 for eMMC.

   Example Command and Output:

   root@starfive:~# resize2fs /dev/mmcblk1p4
   resize2fs 1.46.6-rc1 (12-Sep-2022)
   Filesystem at /d[  295.372617] EXT4-fs (mmcblk1p4): resizing filesystem from 535291 to 7838464 blocks
   ev/mmcblk1p4 is mounted on /; on-line resizing required
   old_desc_blocks = 1, new_desc_blocks = 4
   [  295.993163] EXT4-fs (mmcblk1p4): resized filesystem to 7838464
   The filesystem on /dev/mmcblk1p4 is now 7838464 (4k) blocks long.

   Verification:

   Run df -h to verify the new size of partition, and to verify that our steps to extend partition (/dev/mmcblk<X>p4) are successful.

   Tip: <X>: The application value is 0 or 1. 1 for SD card and 0 for eMMC.

   The following output indicates the modification is successful:

   root@starfive:~# df -h
   Filesystem      Size  Used Avail Use% Mounted on
   udev            3.7G     0  3.7G   0% /dev
   tmpfs           793M  3.1M  790M   1% /run
   /dev/mmcblk1p4   30G  1.9G   28G   7% /
   tmpfs           3.9G     0  3.9G   0% /dev/shm
   tmpfs           5.0M   12K  5.0M   1% /run/lock
   tmpfs           793M   32K  793M   1% /run/user/107
   tmpfs           793M   24K  793M   1% /run/user/0